Black Currant

Grossulariaceae

Ribes nigrum

Also known as: Cassis, Blackcurrant, Quinsy Berries

Pregnancy B1
Lactation B1

clinical_notes Clinical Summary

Black Currant (Ribes nigrum) is a European deciduous shrub whose berries provide anthocyanins (especially delphinidin and cyanidin rutinosides) supporting vascular, ocular, and immune health, while its seed oil is one of the richest plant sources of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, ~12-15%) along with alpha-linolenic acid and stearidonic acid.

Clinical applications include atopic dermatitis prevention in newborns (RCT evidence), PMS, dry skin, rheumatic complaints, eye strain, and adjunctive cardiovascular support.

Generally well tolerated with minimal interactions beyond theoretical antiplatelet additive effects.

Pregnancy Safety

B1

Berries and juice considered safe as food. Black currant seed oil (3 g daily) studied from 8-16 weeks gestation through breastfeeding in a randomized study without documented adverse effects on mothers or infants.

Lactation Safety

B1

Seed oil supplementation altered breast milk cytokine balance (lower IL-4/5/10/12, higher IFN-γ) suggesting immune-modulating transfer; no adverse effects on infant development or exclusive breastfeeding duration documented in clinical studies.

warning Contraindications

  • Concurrent anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy (caution)
    Theoretical
  • Surgery (within 2 weeks) (avoid)
    Theoretical
  • Concurrent phenothiazine antipsychotics (caution)
    Theoretical
  • Pregnancy and lactation (caution)
    Clinically Proven

vital_signs Clinical Profile

Primary Indications

  • check_circle atopic dermatitis / eczema
  • check_circle dry skin
  • check_circle PMS (breast tenderness, depression, cramps)
  • check_circle rheumatoid arthritis (adjunctive)
  • check_circle diabetic neuropathy
  • check_circle Sjögren's syndrome
  • check_circle Raynaud's
  • check_circle age-related vision decline
  • check_circle video display terminal eye strain
  • check_circle elevated cholesterol
  • check_circle menopausal symptoms
  • check_circle glaucoma (anthocyanins)
  • check_circle common cold and sore throat (traditional 'quinsy berries')

Therapeutic Actions

anti-inflammatoryantioxidantimmunomodulatorvasoprotectiveanti-platelet (mild)essential fatty acid source (GLA, ALA, SDA)diuretic (leaf)diaphoretic (leaf)ocular tonic

System Affinities

  • check_circle immune system
  • check_circle cardiovascular
  • check_circle skin (atopic)
  • check_circle ocular
  • check_circle joints
  • check_circle endocrine (PMS)

labs Active Constituents

gamma-linolenic acid

alpha-linolenic acid

stearidonic acid

anthocyanins

proanthocyanidins

flavonoids

vitamin C

polysaccharides

potassium

rutin

history_edu Traditional Use

No TCM data available for this herb yet.

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Traditional Uses Across Healing Systems

While many herbs lack controlled clinical trials, centuries of traditional practice across cultures provide valuable insight into their therapeutic applications.

Western Herbal Europe (especially France, Northern Europe, UK, Russia)
Documented in European herbals since the 16th century (Gerard, Culpeper). Cassis liqueur produced commercially from 19th century. Seed oil therapy developed in 1980s.

Berries traditionally called 'quinsy berries' — used for sore throat, common cold, and respiratory infections. Leaves used as diuretic, diaphoretic, and for rheumatic complaints, gout, and dropsy. Seed oil (modern era) used for atopic eczema, PMS, and dry skin.

Banned in parts of the USA (Maine, NY) historically due to white pine blister rust concern; cultivation now widely permitted.

Western Herbal Global
Late 20th century

Modern naturopathic use of seed oil for atopic dermatitis, PMS, dry eye, rheumatoid arthritis (adjunctive), and skin aging.

GLA content of black currant seed oil is the highest among plant sources after borage — preferred over evening primrose oil for some indications due to ALA and SDA content.

Indigenous Scandinavia, Russia, Eastern Europe
Folk traditional

Northern European folk medicine used leaves and berries for joint pain, fevers, and as a diuretic.

spa Parts Used

seed (seed oil)

Constituents
gamma-linolenic acid (GLA)alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)stearidonic acid (SDA)linoleic acid
Indications
  • atopic dermatitis
  • PMS
  • dry skin
  • rheumatoid arthritis (adjunctive)
  • dry eye
Preparation

Seed oil cold-pressed from seeds left after juice production. Typical analysis: 12-15% GLA, 13-15% ALA, 2-3% SDA. Sensitive to oxidation — store refrigerated. Capsules typically 500 mg, dosed 1-3 g daily.

fruit (berry)

Constituents
anthocyanins (delphinidin-3-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside)vitamin Cproanthocyanidinsrutinpectin
Indications
  • common cold
  • sore throat
  • macular health
  • VDT eye strain
  • glaucoma (anthocyanins)
  • elevated cholesterol
Preparation

Fresh, frozen, dried, juice, or standardized anthocyanin extract. Anthocyanin content among the highest of edible fruits. Used as concentrate (1:4 to 1:8) or standardized extract (25% anthocyanins).

leaf

Constituents
flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin glycosides)tanninsvitamin Cessential oil
Indications
  • rheumatic pain
  • gout
  • edema
  • diuretic
Preparation

Used in traditional European herbal medicine. Tea made from 1-2 tsp dried leaf in 250 mL hot water. EMA monograph supports leaf for symptomatic relief of joint pain and as adjuvant in flu-like infections.

bud

Constituents
essential oilpolyphenols
Indications
  • adrenal support (gemmotherapy)
  • anti-inflammatory
Preparation

Used in gemmotherapy (bud-extract therapy) as 'Cassis bourgeons' for adrenal and anti-inflammatory support.

shield Safety

Contraindications — Evidence Basis

Concurrent anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy
caution Theoretical

May slow blood clotting via GLA's effect on prostaglandin balance; theoretical additive bleeding risk with warfarin, DOACs, aspirin, clopidogrel.

Surgery (within 2 weeks)
avoid Theoretical

Discontinue at least 2 weeks before scheduled surgery due to potential bleeding effect.

Concurrent phenothiazine antipsychotics
caution Theoretical

Theoretical risk that GLA may lower seizure threshold when combined with phenothiazines (chlorpromazine).

Pregnancy and lactation
caution Clinically Proven

Berries and juice safe as food. Seed oil has been studied in pregnancy/lactation with no documented harm; one RCT supplemented mothers from 8-16 weeks gestation through breastfeeding without adverse effects. Conservative approach: limit to food amounts unless clinician supervises supplementation.

monitoring

Monitoring Parameters

Monitor during use, especially with prolonged or high-dose therapy.

INR (in patients on warfarin)
More frequent monitoring after initiation

Theoretical antiplatelet effect from GLA-derived prostaglandins.

flagThreshold: INR >3.5: adjust warfarin dose.

Toxicity

Toxic Dose

Generally regarded as safe in food and supplement doses. Seed oil up to 3 g/day well tolerated in long-term studies.

Symptoms

Mild GI upset, soft stools, belching (seed oil); rare allergic reactions.

Management

Discontinue; reduce dose; supportive care.

Adverse Effects

mild GI upsetsoft stools (high-dose oil)rare allergy

CYP Metabolism

Anthocyanin and flavonoid constituents may have mild CYP modulation but no clinically significant interactions established. GLA itself has minimal CYP interactions.

swap_horiz Interactions

Warfarin

Increased Effect moderate

Class: Anticoagulant

Mechanism

Black currant seed oil contains gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), which is metabolized to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and may shift prostaglandin balance toward PGE1, producing antiplatelet effects. Additive bleeding risk when combined with warfarin or other anticoagulants is theoretically possible.

Clinical Guidance

Monitor INR more frequently when initiating or discontinuing black currant seed oil. Counsel patients on bleeding signs. Discontinue at least 2 weeks prior to elective surgery.

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Evidence Source Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database (TRC Healthcare). Black currant monograph. Updated 2024 View source open_in_new

Aspirin / Clopidogrel / NSAIDs

Increased Effect moderate

Class: Antiplatelet/NSAID

Mechanism

GLA from black currant seed oil has documented antiplatelet activity via modulation of arachidonic acid metabolism and reduced thromboxane A2 synthesis. Additive antiplatelet effect with aspirin, clopidogrel, ticagrelor, prasugrel, or chronic NSAIDs increases bleeding risk.

Clinical Guidance

Use caution in patients with bleeding disorders, peptic ulcer disease, or on dual antiplatelet therapy. Counsel on signs of bleeding. Avoid in patients with thrombocytopenia.

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Evidence Source Watson J, Byars ML, McGill P, Kelman AW. Cytokine and prostaglandin production by monocytes of volunteers and rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with dietary supplements of blackcurrant seed oil. Br J Rheumatol 1993;32(12):1055-8 View source open_in_new

Phenothiazine antipsychotics (chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, perphenazine)

Caution moderate

Class: Antipsychotic

Mechanism

GLA-containing oils (black currant seed, evening primrose) have been associated with reports of lowered seizure threshold in patients taking phenothiazines, possibly via altered prostaglandin synthesis affecting CNS excitability. Risk of seizure is increased.

Clinical Guidance

Avoid black currant seed oil in patients on phenothiazine antipsychotics or with known seizure disorders. Consider alternative essential fatty acid sources.

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Evidence Source Vaddadi KS. The use of gamma-linolenic acid and linoleic acid to differentiate between temporal lobe epilepsy and schizophrenia. Prostaglandins Med 1981;6(4):375-9 View source open_in_new

Antihypertensive agents

Increased Effect low

Class: Antihypertensive

Mechanism

Black currant seed oil and anthocyanin-rich extracts have demonstrated modest vasodilatory and blood pressure-lowering effects in clinical studies, attributed to enhanced endothelial nitric oxide signaling.

Clinical Guidance

Monitor blood pressure when adding black currant to an established antihypertensive regimen. Hypotensive symptoms (dizziness, lightheadedness) warrant dose adjustment.

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Evidence Source Montanari S, Allgrove J. Acute Intake of New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract Improves Vascular Function in Trained Athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023;123:1383-91 View source open_in_new

Iron supplements

Antagonistic low

Class: Mineral supplement

Mechanism

High polyphenol content (anthocyanins, tannins) in black currant juice and extract can chelate non-heme iron in the GI tract and reduce its absorption, similar to other polyphenol-rich beverages.

Clinical Guidance

Separate black currant intake from oral iron supplements by at least 2 hours. Vitamin C in black currant simultaneously enhances iron absorption — net effect is variable.

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Evidence Source Hurrell RF, Reddy M, Cook JD. Inhibition of non-haem iron absorption in man by polyphenolic-containing beverages. Br J Nutr 1999;81(4):289-95 View source open_in_new

hub Combinations

info

Synergistic pairings can enhance therapeutic outcomes, while knowing suitable substitutes helps when specific herbs are unavailable or contraindicated.

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Classical Formulas

2
Boswellia
Limited Evidence
Rationale

Combined with bromelain and vitamin D in proprietary supplement for chronic sinusitis — anti-inflammatory synergy.

Clinical Evidence

Case-control study in chronic sinusitis showed reduced local inflammation.

Eleuthero
Limited Evidence
Rationale

Combined with zinc, L-carnitine, and elderberry/eleuthero/currant in a study of asthenopia (eye fatigue) in VDT operators — improved contrast sensitivity and quality of life.

Clinical Evidence

Pilot phase II observational study showed benefit for VDT eye strain.

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Synergistic Combinations

3
Bilberry
Limited Evidence
Rationale

Both rich in anthocyanins with affinity for ocular tissue; combined extracts provide broader anthocyanin profile for macular and visual health.

Clinical Evidence

Synergistic anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin support for vision and microvascular integrity.

link Nakaishi H et al. Effects of black currant anthocyanoside intake on dark adaptation. Altern Med Rev. 2000;5(6):553-62.
Elderberry
Traditional Use
Rationale

Both rich in anthocyanins (cyanidin and delphinidin) and immune-supportive polysaccharides; classical European combination for upper respiratory infections.

Clinical Evidence

Traditional and modern integrative use for cold and flu prevention.

link Hoffmann D. Medical Herbalism. Healing Arts Press; 2003.
Evening Primrose
Moderate Evidence
Rationale

Both supply GLA; black currant adds ALA and SDA for broader essential fatty acid spectrum. Often used together or as alternatives for atopic dermatitis and PMS.

Clinical Evidence

Both have independent RCT evidence for atopic dermatitis and PMS.

link Kapoor R, Huang YS. Gamma linolenic acid: an antiinflammatory omega-6 fatty acid. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2006;7(6):531-4.

science Studies

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No studies match your criteria.

medication Dosing

capsule

Dose Range

500-1000 mg black currant seed oil

Frequency

1-3x/day (total 1-3 g daily)

Notes

For atopic dermatitis, PMS, and dry skin. Take with food for best absorption. Clinical trials in newborn eczema prevention used maternal supplementation of 3 g daily from gestation week 8-16 through breastfeeding.

powder

Dose Range

100-300 mg standardized berry anthocyanin extract

Frequency

1-2x/day

Notes

For ocular health, VDT eye strain, glaucoma adjunctive support. Standardized to 25% anthocyanins.

tea

Dose Range

1-2 tsp (1-2 g) dried leaf in 250 mL water

Frequency

2-3x/day

Notes

Traditional European preparation for rheumatic pain, diuresis, and febrile illness. Steep 10 minutes covered. EMA traditional use monograph supports leaf preparation.

tincture

Dose Range

2-4 mL of 1:5 leaf tincture

Frequency

TID

Notes

Less commonly used than the seed oil or berry extract. For rheumatic and inflammatory complaints.

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Reference Mills S, Bone K. Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy. 2013.
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Disclaimer: This information is largely AI-generated and reviewed by human experts at Evara Health. It is intended for educational and clinical reference purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice.

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